Understanding Nasal Polyps: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

Nasal polyps can develop independently or be a sign of underlying conditions such as chronic sinusitis, asthma, or allergic rhinitis. These soft, painless growths can lead to nasal congestion, sinus pressure, and even loss of smell. While not life-threatening, untreated nasal polyps can interfere with daily life. Here’s everything you need to know.

What Are Nasal Polyps?

Nasal polyps are noncancerous, teardrop-shaped growths that form in the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses. Though often small and symptom-free, larger polyps can block airflow and drainage, causing chronic sinus problems.

Despite sometimes being referred to as “nasal tumors” or “corking,” polyps are not contagious or caused by allergies alone. They are often linked to long-term inflammation from conditions like:

• Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS)
• Allergic rhinitis (AR)
• Asthma
• Chronic sinusitis (CS)

They typically appear before the age of 40 and can remain unnoticed until they enlarge or become inflamed.

Common Symptoms of Nasal Polyps

While many individuals experience no symptoms, larger nasal polyps may cause:

• Persistent nasal congestion or stuffiness
• Runny nose
• Loss of smell or taste
• Sinus pressure or facial pain
• Headaches
• Frequent snoring
• Postnasal drip or throat clearing
• Occasional nosebleeds

These symptoms often mimic the common cold, making them easy to overlook.

When Should You See a Doctor?

You should seek medical attention if symptoms:

• Persist for over 10 days
• Worsen suddenly
• Include high fever, facial swelling, or impaired vision
• Make breathing extremely difficult

Prompt care is especially crucial when symptoms disrupt sleep or daily activities.

What Causes Nasal Polyps?

The exact cause remains unclear, but nasal polyps are linked to prolonged inflammation in the nasal lining. Some people may have unique immune responses or chemical imbalances that lead to polyp formation.

Polyps tend to develop in areas where the sinuses near the eyes and cheeks drain into the nose. Conditions like asthma, AR, or infections (including Mycoplasma pneumoniae) may increase risk.

Who Is at Higher Risk?

You're more likely to develop nasal polyps if you:

• Have chronic sinus infections
• Live with asthma or allergic rhinitis
• Frequently experience nasal irritation
• Are exposed to airborne pollutants
• Have family members with similar issues

Cold weather and dry air can also aggravate symptoms.

How Are Nasal Polyps Diagnosed?

A healthcare provider may use the following methods:

• Medical history: Including asthma, infections, or allergy history
• Physical exam: Reviewing symptoms and their duration
• Nasal endoscopy: A tiny camera views inside your nose
• CT scan: Provides detailed images of sinuses and polyps

These tools help determine polyp size, number, and exact location.

Treatment Options for Nasal Polyps

While complete removal of polyps can be challenging, many treatments are available:

1. Medication

• Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation and shrink polyps
• Nasal sprays or rinses: Clear congestion
• Antibiotics or antihistamines: If related to infections or allergies

2. Surgery

If medication doesn’t work, your ENT specialist may recommend endoscopic sinus surgery. The procedure:

• Is usually done under local or general anesthesia
• Involves removing polyps and correcting sinus drainage
• May require post-op medication to prevent recurrence

Preventing Recurrence of Nasal Polyps

To reduce the risk of polyp return:

• Manage asthma or allergies per your doctor's advice
• Avoid airborne irritants (smoke, chemicals)
• Use a humidifier to keep nasal passages moist
• Rinse sinuses with saline spray regularly
• Practice good hand hygiene to prevent infections

Final Thoughts

Nasal polyps may seem minor but can significantly affect your health and quality of life. Fortunately, effective treatments exist, from medications to surgery. Early diagnosis and consistent care are key to relief and long-term prevention.

Disclaimer

This article is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The content is not a substitute for professional medical advice from a qualified healthcare provider. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read here. The information may not apply to everyone and is subject to change as new research emerges.